Wilfrid was born
in Northumberland c633. In 648 he started his studies at the abbey of
Lindisfarne.
In 652 he headed for Canterbury, but not for long: sometime c 654 he set
of for a pilgrimage to Rome with Benedict Biscop of Northumbria. This
took three years, with a long stay in
Lyon where he learnt a good deal about Benedictine monasticism.
In 658 he returned to
Northumberland; by 664 he became the abbot of Ripon and was soon
ordained as a priest.
An important event in 664
was the synod of Whitby, and Wilfrid’s was the voice that converted the
northern English to the catholic rules and liturgy.
In 665 he was appointed
bishop, though of where isn’t clear: possibly York. He decided he didn’t
wish to be ordained by the Anglo-Saxon bishops, so he set off for
Compiègne in France to be ordained by the Bishop of Paris. A big
mistake: when he got back to Northumberland, he found that Chad (later
St Chad) had been given the bishopric. Wilfrid returned to Ripon. After
much squabbling, he regained the bishopric in 669 and became Bishop of
York. As bishop, he founded many minsters and monasteries, including
Hexham in 674, and restored York Minster.
If the story wasn’t sufficiently
complex, things got worse in 678. He offended Ecgfrid, the local king by
encouraging his queen, Æthelthryth, to enter a nunnery. The king asked
Theodore, Archbishop of Canterbury, to divide up the diocese to limit
his power. Wilfrid had never got on well with Theodore, and Theodore
complied. So, it was off to Rome again to complain to the pope. The pope
supported him, and in 680 Wilfried was back in Northumberland with the
papal decree. The king declared it the result of bribery, and Wilfrid
was imprisoned and then exiled: he ended up in Sussex.
Here he got on well with
the local king, Æthelwealh, who was a Christian, and in 681 he founded
an abbey at Selsey and started converting the local pagans. He is
thought to have taken a boat up the river Meon in Hampshire,
evangelising and setting up churches – we will visit some of them.
Wilfrid finally settled his
differences with Theodore, and, as there was now a new king in
Northumbria, Aldfrith, and in 686 he was allowed back there as bishop.
All well? Not really. In 691 he was expelled again, and settled for a
while in Mercia, central England. He may have become Bishop of
Leicester, though evidence for this is lacking. An important event was
attending the exhumation of Queen Æthelthryth, later known as St
Etheldreda, at Ely, in 695.
Wilfrid was determined to
get his old job back, so in 702 it was back to Rome for the third time.
He was allowed back to Northumberland, where he took charge of Ripon and
Hexham. He remained at Ripon until his death in 709:
he died at a monastery in Oundle, Northamptonshire.
|